{"id":11237,"date":"2023-04-11T12:42:48","date_gmt":"2023-04-11T11:42:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fei-online.com\/?p=11237"},"modified":"2023-04-11T12:42:48","modified_gmt":"2023-04-11T11:42:48","slug":"flavour-and-fragrance-analysis-ii-using-dynamic-headspace-by-pal-system","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fei-online.com\/flavour-and-fragrance-analysis-ii-using-dynamic-headspace-by-pal-system\/","title":{"rendered":"Flavour and fragrance analysis II using dynamic headspace by PAL system"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id='av_section_1'  class='avia-section main_color avia-section-default avia-no-border-styling  avia-bg-style-scroll  avia-builder-el-0  avia-builder-el-no-sibling   container_wrap fullsize' style=' '  ><div class='container' ><main  role=\"main\" itemprop=\"mainContentOfPage\"  class='template-page content  av-content-full alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-11237'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n<div class=\"flex_column av_one_fifth  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding first  avia-builder-el-1  el_before_av_three_fifth  avia-builder-el-first  \" style='border-radius:0px; '><section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock  '   itemprop=\"text\" ><p style=\"text-align: center\"><div id=\"ads-slider-28\" class=\"custom-slider ads-slider-1928042103 ads-slider\"><ul><li><!--Begin ClixTrac.com Banner Code -->\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/clixtrac.com\/goto\/?308404\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/clixtrac.com\/banner\/308404.jpg\" alt=\"Free from food\" title=\"Free from food\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a>\r\n<!--End ClixTrac.com Banner Code --><\/li><li><!--Begin ClixTrac.com Banner Code -->\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/clixtrac.com\/banner\/click.php?banner=302805\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\r\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/clixtrac.com\/banner\/302805.jpg\" alt=\"LUBRIPLATE\" title=\"LUBRIPLATE\" border=\"0\" width=\"120\" height=\"600\" \/><\/a>\r\n<!--End ClixTrac.com Banner Code --><\/li><li><div style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center; \" id=\"ads-1941581269\"><!--Begin ClixTrac.com Banner Code -->\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/clixtrac.com\/banner\/click.php?banner=297426\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\r\n<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"100%\" height=\"auto\" src=\"https:\/\/clixtrac.com\/banner\/297426.jpg\" alt=\"Click here for more information!\" title=\"Click here for more information!\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a>\r\n<!--End ClixTrac.com Banner Code --><\/div><\/li><\/ul><\/div><script>( window.advanced_ads_ready || jQuery( document ).ready ).call( null, function() {var $adsslider1928042103 = jQuery( \".ads-slider-1928042103\" );$adsslider1928042103.on( \"unslider.ready\", function() { jQuery( \"div.custom-slider ul li\" ).css( \"display\", \"block\" ); });$adsslider1928042103.unslider({ delay:5000, autoplay:true, nav:false, arrows:false, infinite:true });$adsslider1928042103.on(\"mouseover\", function(){$adsslider1928042103.unslider(\"stop\");}).on(\"mouseout\", function() {$adsslider1928042103.unslider(\"start\");});});<\/script><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div><div class=\"flex_column av_three_fifth  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding   avia-builder-el-3  el_after_av_one_fifth  el_before_av_one_fifth  \" style='border-radius:0px; '><section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock  '   itemprop=\"text\" ><p style=\"text-align: center\"><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock  '   itemprop=\"text\" ><header class=\"entry-content-header\"><h1 class=\"post-title entry-title\" itemprop=\"headline\">Flavour and fragrance analysis II using dynamic headspace by PAL system<\/h1><span class=\"post-meta-infos\">\/ <span class=\"blog-categories minor-meta\">in <a href=\"https:\/\/fei-online.com\/category\/featured-articles\/\" rel=\"tag\">Featured Articles<\/a> <\/span><\/span><\/header>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock  '   itemprop=\"text\" ><p><strong>Author: Xiaohui Zhang<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3>Abstract<br \/>\nThis application note demonstrated the correlation coefficient (R2) &gt; 0.99 from 26 fragrance compounds analyzed by a CDS Analytical 7000C concentrator equipped with a dynamic headspace (DHS) module. This setup was mounted on a PAL RTC rail and connected to a GC\/MS for compounds separation and detection.<\/h3>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<h4>Introduction<\/h4>\n<p>In the previous study, a CDS Analytical 7000C concentrator with an optional DHS module was used to perform fragrance profiling study. An average RSD = 2.8% (n=8) was observed from 26 fragrance compounds. Interestingly, the result was showing that the response factor from the DHS module is two times<\/p>\n<p>higher than the direct GC injection method. This application paper is a continuous study after the previous work. The experimental design focused solely on obtaining calibration curves from the same 26 fragrance compounds to show the system is qualified for quantification studies.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<div  class='avia-image-container  av-styling-    avia-builder-el-7  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_hr  avia-align-center '  itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"  ><div class='avia-image-container-inner'><div class='avia-image-overlay-wrap'><img class='avia_image' src='https:\/\/fei-online.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2023\/04\/shutterstock_1919928332-scaled.jpg' alt='' title='Olfactory,System,,Sensory,System,Used,For,Smelling,,Olfaction,Senses.,Components' height=\"1440\" width=\"2560\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\"  \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<div   class='hr hr-default   avia-builder-el-8  el_after_av_image  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner ' ><span class='hr-inner-style'><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock  '   itemprop=\"text\" ><h4>Experimental setup<\/h4>\n<p>As previously described, the same GC sample introduction hardware was deployed as a CDS 7000C concentrator configured with a DHS module. On the automation side, the setup was connected to a CTC RTC rail. This automated system is controlled by Pal Sample Control (PSC) software with two plug-ins for the 7000C concentrator and the DHS module individually.<\/p>\n<p>The DHS module was mounted on the RTC rack. A perfume sample was sealed in a 10 ml VOC vial and placed on the sample tray. During testing, the VOC vial is transported by the CTC Purge and Trap Tool, which is the robotic arm designed specifically to handle 10 ml, 20 ml and 40 ml VOC vials for purge and trap applications, into the DHS module. Once the sample was loaded into the DHS module, the dual jacketed needle inside the DHS module was lowered to pierce the top septum of the vial. Inlet purge gas flow followed to purge the sample in the head- space through a heated transfer line to be enriched in the analytical trap installed in the 7000C concentrator. The setup is shown in Figure 1.<\/p>\n<p>In this experimental setup, the Full Evaporation Technique (FET) by Markelov [1] was followed. A commercially purchased perfume oil was diluted with methanol to a final 5% (v\/v) concentration. A micro syringe was used to obtain 0.5 \u00b5L, 1.0 \u00b5L, 2.0 \u00b5L, 5.0 \u00b5L and 10.0 \u00b5L volume of sample from the diluted solution individually. Each aliquot was injected individually to the bottom of a clean 10 mL VOC vial and each sample vial was capped immediately after injection for future analysis.<\/p>\n<h4>Results<\/h4>\n<p>Figure 2 presented the chromatogram data from a 2.0 \u00b5L run. All fragrance peaks were numbered based on the compounds list in Table1. For each of the 26 compounds identified in the Figure 2, a calibration curve was drawn by fitting the peak areas from 5 runs (0.5 \u00b5L, 1.0 \u00b5L, 2.0 \u00b5L, 5.0 \u00b5L and 10.0 \u00b5L sample volume) with a linear polynomial. The assumption is that the response factor obtained from FET method is independent of the sample volume. To better depict the data, 26 compounds were separated into two groups based on the peak area from the 10.0 \u00b5L sample volume run. If the peak area of a specific com- pound from the 10.0 \u00b5L run is below 4,500,000, this com- pounded is considered as a high response compound. If not, it is grouped into low response compounds. Figure 3 and 4 summarized the calibration curve for high response and low response compounds.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<div  class='avia-image-container  av-styling-    avia-builder-el-10  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_hr  avia-align-center '  itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"  ><div class='avia-image-container-inner'><div class='avia-image-overlay-wrap'><img class='avia_image' src='https:\/\/fei-online.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2023\/04\/Scherm\u00adafbeelding-2023-04-11-om-13.29.06.png' alt='' title='Scherm\u00adafbeelding 2023-04-11 om 13.29.06' height=\"1146\" width=\"1482\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\"  \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<div   class='hr hr-default   avia-builder-el-11  el_after_av_image  el_before_av_image '><span class='hr-inner ' ><span class='hr-inner-style'><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n<div  class='avia-image-container  av-styling-    avia-builder-el-12  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_textblock  avia-align-center '  itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"  ><div class='avia-image-container-inner'><div class='avia-image-overlay-wrap'><img class='avia_image' src='https:\/\/fei-online.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2023\/04\/CDS-fig-1.png' alt='' title='CDS fig 1' height=\"620\" width=\"1022\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\"  \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock  '   itemprop=\"text\" ><p><em>Figure 1: Sampling in the dynamic headspace module<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<div   class='hr hr-default   avia-builder-el-14  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_image '><span class='hr-inner ' ><span class='hr-inner-style'><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n<div  class='avia-image-container  av-styling-    avia-builder-el-15  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_textblock  avia-align-center '  itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"  ><div class='avia-image-container-inner'><div class='avia-image-overlay-wrap'><img class='avia_image' src='https:\/\/fei-online.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2023\/04\/CDS-fig-2.png' alt='' title='CDS fig 2' height=\"450\" width=\"1102\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\"  \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock  '   itemprop=\"text\" ><p><em>Figure 2: GC\/MS chromatograph from a 2- \u00b5L perfume oil solution sample. Compound peak is numbered.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<div   class='hr hr-default   avia-builder-el-17  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_image '><span class='hr-inner ' ><span class='hr-inner-style'><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n<div  class='avia-image-container  av-styling-    avia-builder-el-18  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_textblock  avia-align-center '  itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"  ><div class='avia-image-container-inner'><div class='avia-image-overlay-wrap'><img class='avia_image' src='https:\/\/fei-online.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2023\/04\/CDS-fig-3.png' alt='' title='CDS fig 3' height=\"786\" width=\"1024\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\"  \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock  '   itemprop=\"text\" ><p><em>Figure 3: Calibration curves for high response compounds<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<div   class='hr hr-default   avia-builder-el-20  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_image '><span class='hr-inner ' ><span class='hr-inner-style'><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n<div  class='avia-image-container  av-styling-    avia-builder-el-21  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_textblock  avia-align-center '  itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"  ><div class='avia-image-container-inner'><div class='avia-image-overlay-wrap'><img class='avia_image' src='https:\/\/fei-online.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2023\/04\/CDS-fig-4.png' alt='' title='CDS fig 4' height=\"800\" width=\"1042\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\"  \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock  '   itemprop=\"text\" ><p><em>Figure 4: Calibration curves for low response compounds<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<div   class='hr hr-default   avia-builder-el-23  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_image '><span class='hr-inner ' ><span class='hr-inner-style'><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n<div  class='avia-image-container  av-styling-    avia-builder-el-24  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_textblock  avia-align-center '  itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"  ><div class='avia-image-container-inner'><div class='avia-image-overlay-wrap'><img class='avia_image' src='https:\/\/fei-online.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2023\/04\/CDS-table-1-732x1030.png' alt='' title='CDS table 1' height=\"1030\" width=\"732\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\"  \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock  '   itemprop=\"text\" ><p><em>Table 1: Correlation coefficients from calibration curve fitting<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<div   class='hr hr-default   avia-builder-el-26  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner ' ><span class='hr-inner-style'><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock  '   itemprop=\"text\" ><h4>Conclusions<\/h4>\n<p>Dynamic headspace sampling is a highly effective GC sample introduction method. It tackles with many challenges from complex sample matrices such as foods and perfume. The FET method further simplifies the sample preparation process. Comparing to the direct GC injection, FET method shows a 2X improved sensitivity and less than 3% RSD. On the quantification side, FET is capable of yielding a calibration curve within 20X concentration range.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock  '   itemprop=\"text\" ><p><em><strong>Reference<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>1. Markelov, Michael, and John P. Guzowski Jr. \u201cMatrix independent headspace gas chromatographic analysis. This full evaporation <\/em><em>technique.\u201d Analytica Chimica Acta 276.2 (1993): 235-245.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<div  class='av-social-sharing-box  avia-builder-el-29  el_after_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-last  av-social-sharing-box-minimal '><div class='av-share-box'><h5 class='av-share-link-description av-no-toc '>Share this<\/h5><ul class='av-share-box-list noLightbox'><li class='av-share-link av-social-link-facebook' ><a target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\"Share on Facebook\" href='https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/sharer.php?u=https:\/\/fei-online.com\/flavour-and-fragrance-analysis-ii-using-dynamic-headspace-by-pal-system\/&#038;t=Flavour%20and%20fragrance%20analysis%20II%20using%20dynamic%20headspace%20by%20PAL%20system' aria-hidden='false' data-av_icon='\ue8f3' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello' title='' data-avia-related-tooltip='Share on Facebook' rel=\"noopener\"><span class='avia_hidden_link_text'>Share on Facebook<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class='av-share-link av-social-link-twitter' ><a target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\"Share on Twitter\" href='https:\/\/twitter.com\/share?text=Flavour%20and%20fragrance%20analysis%20II%20using%20dynamic%20headspace%20by%20PAL%20system&#038;url=https:\/\/fei-online.com\/?p=11237' aria-hidden='false' data-av_icon='\ue8f1' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello' title='' data-avia-related-tooltip='Share on Twitter' rel=\"noopener\"><span class='avia_hidden_link_text'>Share on Twitter<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class='av-share-link av-social-link-whatsapp' ><a target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\"Share on WhatsApp\" href='https:\/\/api.whatsapp.com\/send?text=https:\/\/fei-online.com\/flavour-and-fragrance-analysis-ii-using-dynamic-headspace-by-pal-system\/' aria-hidden='false' data-av_icon='\uf232' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello' title='' data-avia-related-tooltip='Share on WhatsApp' rel=\"noopener\"><span class='avia_hidden_link_text'>Share on WhatsApp<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class='av-share-link av-social-link-linkedin' ><a target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\"Share on LinkedIn\" href='https:\/\/linkedin.com\/shareArticle?mini=true&#038;title=Flavour%20and%20fragrance%20analysis%20II%20using%20dynamic%20headspace%20by%20PAL%20system&#038;url=https:\/\/fei-online.com\/flavour-and-fragrance-analysis-ii-using-dynamic-headspace-by-pal-system\/' aria-hidden='false' data-av_icon='\ue8fc' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello' title='' data-avia-related-tooltip='Share on LinkedIn' rel=\"noopener\"><span class='avia_hidden_link_text'>Share on LinkedIn<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class='av-share-link av-social-link-mail' ><a  aria-label=\"Share by Mail\" href='mailto:?subject=Flavour%20and%20fragrance%20analysis%20II%20using%20dynamic%20headspace%20by%20PAL%20system&#038;body=https:\/\/fei-online.com\/flavour-and-fragrance-analysis-ii-using-dynamic-headspace-by-pal-system\/' aria-hidden='false' data-av_icon='\ue805' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello' title='' data-avia-related-tooltip='Share by Mail'><span class='avia_hidden_link_text'>Share by Mail<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/p><\/div><div class=\"flex_column av_one_fifth  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding   avia-builder-el-30  el_after_av_three_fifth  avia-builder-el-last  \" style='border-radius:0px; 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0.99 from 26 fragrance compounds analyzed by a CDS Analytical 7000C concentrator equipped with a dynamic headspace (DHS) module. This setup was mounted on a PAL RTC rail and connected to a GC\/MS for compounds separation and detection.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":11238,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[26],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fei-online.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11237"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fei-online.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fei-online.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fei-online.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fei-online.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11237"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/fei-online.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11237\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11247,"href":"https:\/\/fei-online.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11237\/revisions\/11247"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fei-online.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11238"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fei-online.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11237"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fei-online.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11237"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fei-online.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11237"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}